Ancient Roman sandals were not just a practical footwear choice, but also a symbol of status and fashion in the Roman Empire. In this article, we will explore the different types of sandals that were worn by various groups of people, from soldiers to senators, and how they reflected their social roles and identities.

1. Caliga

One of the most iconic types of Roman sandals was the caliga, a heavy-soled hobnailed sandal-boot that was worn by the Roman army. The caliga was designed to provide durability and traction on rough terrain, and was fastened with leather straps around the ankle and lower leg. The caliga was also a mark of military service, as only soldiers were allowed to wear them. The word caliga is related to the Latin word for heel (calx), and may have given rise to the nickname of the emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, better known as Caligula, meaning "little boot".

2. Carbatina

Another type of Roman sandal was the carbatina, a simple moccasin-like sandal made from a single piece of leather with a seam at the back and loops at the front. The carbatina was often decorated with cut-out patterns or stamped designs on the insole, and was laced over the foot with a leather thong. The carbatina was mainly worn by women and children, and may have been used as indoor shoes or slippers. The carbatina was also easy to repair, as worn-out parts could be patched with extra pieces of leather.

3. Solea

The most fashionable type of Roman sandal was the solea, a thin-soled sandal that resembled a modern flip-flop. The solea was shaped to fit the foot and toes, and was secured with a thong between the first and second toes. The solea was worn by both men and women, but especially by the upper classes, who wore them with their togas or tunics. The solea was also a sign of leisure and refinement, as it was not suitable for walking long distances or working outdoors. The solea could be embellished with various materials, such as gold, silver, ivory, or gemstones.

As we can see, ancient Roman sandals were more than just shoes; they were expressions of culture and identity in a diverse and complex society. They reveal how the Romans valued functionality, aesthetics, and social distinction in their everyday lives.

Caliga - the Roman military boot has a fascinating history behind it, full of things that not many people know about. How did they make them? How many did they need for a full legion? Why did they put iron nails under them? 

All of these questions will be answered on this video: