As the head of Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons Qi Huan , works hard and is only virtuous. Under Guan Zhong's assistance, he establishe splendid career and became the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.
What achievements did Qi Huan make publicly?
Duke Huan of Qi listened to the advice of Bao Shuya, disregarded his past suspicions, appointed Guan Zhong as his prime minister, and formed Qi , so that Qi "sets up the benefits of fish and salt to support the poor and the wealthy." The virtuous and the people of Qi are hap (" Historical Records of Qi Taigong's Family")"
As for the wealth of Qi's army, there is such a description in " Warring States Policy · Qi Ce ": " Linzi_ Among the 70,000 households span2span...they are very wealthy, and their people are all those who play yong, drums, strike buildings, play qin, cockfighting, walking do Liubo, and Cuju."
Family units, the 70,000 households here should represent hundreds of thousands of people, and these hundreds of thousands of people c actually develop their own hobbies. What a prosperous scene!
Then, what reforms did Duke Huan of Qi carry out in his hegemony:
(1) Establish a court system. Under the phase, set up five senses such as Da Sihang, Da Sitian, Da Sima , Da Si Li, Da Jian Zhi Guan, etc.Tak charge of diplomacy, economy, military affairs, criminal law, supervision, etc., respectively, weakened the ruling power of Shiqing, strengthen the centralization of the monarchy, and formed a complete central authority.
(2) Build local administrative agencies and implement the separation of the country and the wild; the capital of the country is the country, a other places are the wild. There are twenty-one townships in the middle school, including six townships for industry and commerce and fifte townships for scholars. Every five houses is a track, and the track length is set. Every ten tracks is a mile, and there is a mile in it. Every fo miles is a company with a company commander. Every ten companies is a township, and there are good people in the township. Then set up three ministers for ministers, three clans in construction, three townships in commerce, three Yus in lakes, and three balances in mountains strengthen management. For the wild, take thirty households as one city, and set up city divisions in the city. Shiyi is a pawn, and the pawn set as a pawn commander. Ten soldiers are a township, and the township is set up as a township chief. The three townships are one county, a the county has a county commander. Ten counties are one genus, and the genus is set up as a doctor. There are five genera in the whole cou try, and the doctors of the five genera are respectively governed. The scope of authority of officials at all levels was divided. The doctor was charge of the prison, the county commander was in charge of dividing the fields, and the township commander was in charge of general go ernment affairs. In the first lunar month of each year, the five genus doctors report to Duke Huan, and Duke Huan will reward and punish cording to his political achievements.
(3) In terms of military criminal law, the system of military-administrative integration and military-civilian integration shall be implemented. I stipulated that the residents of Shixiang must perform military service. One person from each family is a soldier, and each track is a team, a the team is led by the track leader. Fifty people per li are a small army, and the small army is led by Li Si. Each company consists of 200 soldie and the soldiers are led by the company commander. Each township consists of two thousand people, and the brigade is led by a good m Ten thousand people in the five townships constitute an army, and there are three armies in the fifteen townships. Duke Huan, Guozi, and Ga each lead an army. Training in slack farming, and expeditions in times of war. This not only improves the combat effectiveness of soldiers, b also does not have to pay the cost of maintaining soldiers.
(4) Economically, by reducing taxes, increasing the fertility level of the population, thereby increasing the overall population of Qi. Heavy ta were imposed on businesses, especially salt traders, to make up for the difference in taxes. And implemented the grain "quasi-level" policy prevent the rich from robbing the poor of the food,Further limit the gap between the rich and the poor. It also indirectly recognizes the right farmers to buy and sell food freely and the legitimacy of free private fields. This economic policy is also the centralization of power for monarch at the economic level.
In addition, "nulu" were set up in various parts of Qi, filled with the widows of war criminals or criminals, and collected taxes. Such an approa led to many Qin people and people coming to Qi State, greatly enriching the national treasury of Qi State.
Did Duke Huan of Qi starve to death?
In 643 BC, Duke Huan of Qi died in the palace. For the death of Duke Huan of Qi, many people believed that he died of starvation. The reason probably inferred from the record in " Historical Records " that "the corpse of Duke Huan was in bed for sixty-seven days, and the corp worms came out of the household".
There are not many detailed records of the cause of Duke Huan's death in history.
"The Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty", the thirty-second chapter "Yan Mo'er crossed the wall to die for the festival, and the sons mad big noise in the court": "...Huan Gong said: I feel hungry in my belly, and I am thinking about porridge drinking. I took it! Mo'er said: There nowhere to find porridge to drink. Huan Gong said: Hot water can also quench thirst. Mo'er said: Hot water is not available. Huan Gong sa Why? Mo'er said: Yi Ya Confused with Shu Diao, guarded the gate of the imperial palace, built a wall of 30 feet high, isolated the inside and outside, and allowed no one to pass through. Where did the food come from?... Duke Huan sighed and said, "If I die without knowing it, I w die. What face saw Zhongfu underground? He covered his face with his robe and sighed several times before dying.
" Spring and Autumn Annals of Lv·Xianshi" records: "A woman went over the wall and entered the palace. . The man said: I want to eat. T woman said: I have nothing. The Duke said again: I want to drink. The woman said: I have nothing. The public said: why? The answer w Chang Zhiwu came out of it and said: 'The general will die on a certain day. ' Yi Ya and vertical swords are always the witches, and they chaotic and block high walls,I don't know people, so I get nothing. Qi Fang, the son of Wei, took the calligraphy club forty to guard. The pub sighed and sighed, saying: "What a hoot! What the sage sees is not far away! If the deceased knew, how would I look to see Father Zhon clothes? Covered with a robe and absolutely beyond the Shou Palace. Insects flow out of the house, covered with a Yangmen fan, and will n be buried in March. This is not to listen to Guan Zhongzhi's words, Duke Huan is not a light-hearted man but hates Guanzi..."
It can be seen from the above that these two works recorded the theory that Duke Huan of Qi died of starvation. Reference is made to record about the death of Duke Huan of Qi in "The Spring and Autumn Period of the Lu Clan", but as a novel of the Ming and Qing Dynast "The Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" obviously cannot be used as historical data for textual research, and "The Spring and Autu Period of the Lu Clan" is a collection of pre-Qin Confucianism. , is an academic work with " Taoist thought", which is not as convincing as hist ical books in terms of historical research.
How did Duke Huan of Qi die?
For the study of historical events, there are The most persuasive reference is often the chronicle-style general history or the chronicle-style ge eral history, such as "Historical Records", " Zizhi Tongjian", "Zuo Zhuan", etc. How did these historical books record the death of Duke Huan Qi?
"Records of the Grand Historian·Qi Taigong It is recorded in Shijia: "Huan Gong fell ill, and the five sons each established a party and compet for standing. When Duke Huan died, they attacked each other, and the Forbidden City was hollow, so no one dared to coffin. Duke Hua corpse lay on the bed for sixty-seven days, and the corpse worms came out of the house. In December, Yihai, there is no strange standing, but the coffin goes. Xin Si night, gathering funeral. "
"Zuo Zhuan·Xi Gong Seventeen Years" records: "Guan Zhong died, and the five sons all sought standing." In the tenth month of the win Duke Huan of Qi died. Yi Ya enters..."
Whether it is "Historical Records" or "Zuo Zhuan", these two works with the nature of historical research did not describe the death of Du Huan of Qi in detail. History is not written.
As another pre-Qin academic work "Guanzi", its content is extensive and profound. In terms of its historical academic value, some scholars believe that "Guanzi" is better than the study of hundreds of schools of thought, and it is a Jixia Taoism pushes the assembly of Guan Zhong's works,Some scholars believe that this is a masterpiece that Qi historians have continuously supplemented and sorted out for hundreds of years.
It is recorded in "Guanzi·Xiaocheng Thirty-two": "...a woman entered from the sinus and got to the public place. The public said: I am hung and want to eat, thirsty and want to drink, but I can't get it. That's why Why? The woman replied: Yi Ya, Shudiao, Tang Wu, and Gongzi Kaifa divided the state of Qi, and the painting was blocked for ten days. The public said: What a shame! The sage's words are so long! The dead ignorant. If they knew, how could I see the father of Zhong in the ground! It is to aid Su and to wrap up the head and die." Also, the towel of covering things, that is to say, Qi Huan suffocated himself to death by using the curtain.
Perhaps, this is the final outcome of the peerless and gorgeous generation of overlords. Duke Huan of Qi, the overlord of a generation, co not bear starvation when he was seriously ill, and was unwilling to starve to death himself. He regretted not listening to Guan Zhong's words. Only in this way could he be able to meet the underground and Guan Zhong.
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