Oct 30, 2022

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44 mins read

WOIPFG Investigative Report on Suspected Living Donor Organ Harvesting by Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital (Formerly Known as 309 Hospital of PLA) and its Staff Members Responsible

WOIPFG

Oct 30,2022

Hospital: The 8th Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army of China (former 309 Hospital of PLA)

Address: 17 Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China

TEL: Main line: +86-10-66775114

Preface

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has a massive military health system including the PLA General Hospital, the affiliated hospitals of all Military Medical Universities, general hospitals of all military regions and various branches of the military. Organ transplantation has been one of the most active fields at the CCP’s military hospitals since 1999.

In December 2008, Zhang Yanling, director of the Health Division of PLA’s General Logistics Department, stated on Xinhua News Network, “In 1978, there were only three hospitals in the entire People’s Liberation Army capable of performing kidney transplants. Now, there are forty hospitals capable of performing liver, kidney, heart, lung and multi-organ combined transplants, which is one quarter of national total.”

In September 2014, Bai Shuzhong, director of the Health Division PLA’s General Logistics Department, told WOIPFG investigator, “Back then it was Chairman Jiang ...who gave an instruction, saying carrying out such things, namely organ transplant. ... Following Chairman Jiang’s instruction, we all did a lot of anti-Falun Gong work. [1]”

Ⅰ. Hospital Overview

The 309 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China was founded in 1958 and incorporated into PLA General Hospital in 2004. It was renamed as the General Hospital of PLA General Staff Department in 2009 and renamed again as the 8th Medical Center of the General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China, an affiliate of PLA General Hospital[2].

PLA 309 Hospital was one of the first tertiary level-A general hospitals in the nation. It was also the hospital designated to carry out liver transplant, kidney transplant, heart transplant and lung transplant on the list of hospitals approved by the National Health Planning Commission to carry out human organ transplant programs. In fact the hospital had carried out various human organ transplants before its designation[3].

Ⅱ. Organ Transplant Center

1. The 309 Hospital had completed 2130 kidney transplants and nearly 600 liver transplants when the Organ Transplant Center was established in 2002.

The Organ Transplant Center of the 309 Hospital was established in April 2002 with Shi Bingyi as its director.

The hospital had completed 2130 kidney transplants and nearly 600 liver transplants when the Organ Transplant Center was established in 2002. The center had once completed 12 kidney transplants in one night,[4] while Tianjin First Central Hospital reported less than 300 liver transplants at that time.

The CCP military hospitals led the organ transplants after 1999. PLA 309 Hospital initiated the operation model of massive harvesting of living Falun Gong practitioners’s organs happening at the CCP military hospitals.

In 2004, the hospital website reported that Cai Ming, deputy director of Organ Transplant Center, had been involved in nearly 1000 kidney transplants, nearly 100 liver transplants and the organ extraction surgery from donors[5]. Cai Ming started working on organ transplant and clinical urology at the Organ Transplant Center of PLA 309 Hospital in April 2002. In two years, he performed over 1000 liver and kidney transplants[6].

On August 6, 2006, China Organ Transplantation Network published a flash report on the transplant center of 309 Hospital: Shi Bingyi has performed more than 1200 kidney transplants and 111 liver transplants. Shi and Cai’s surgical experiences are among the nation and military’s most advanced .

In 2019,the number of surgical cases about Cai Ming was missing in the same report[7]. And in 2020, the web page link was closed.

2. Shi Bingyi disclosed two transplant numbers

On March 2, 2006, an article titled “High Threshold Needed for Organ Transplant” in the Health News, a newspaper run by the CCP’s health ministry, quoted Shi Bingyi as saying, “There have been over 90,000 various organ transplants so far (2005) in the nation. [8]”
In May 2007, Shi Bingyi told Science Times reporter, “The number of organ transplants in China reached an all-time high in 2006, when nearly 20,000 organ transplants were completed. [9]”

3. Two major upgrades to hospital transplant centers: All-Army Organ Transplant Center, All-Army Organ Transplant Institute

In March 2006, the Transplant Center of 309 Hospital was officially named the All-Army Organ Transplant Center by the Health Division of PLA’s Department of General Logistics, with Shi Bingyi as its director. In 2011, it was renamed the All-Army Organ Transplantation Institute by the same Health Division.

According to official hospital website report in November 2010, at present, the center consists of 8 departments, 4 sections and 10 nursing units, including urology, hepatobiliary surgery, hematology, nephrology, cell therapy, transplantation research section, transplantation intensive care unit, hemodialysis unit and laminar flow ward. The Organ Transplant Center has independent ward buildings and research unit, with a total floor area of more than one thousand square meters. There are more than 140 pieces of various large medical and scientific research instruments and equipment, with a total value of 26.96 million yuan. There are 316 beds, 231 staff members, 48 on staff in the main series, including 39 with master's degree or above (accounting for 81.2%) and 21 with senior titles (accounting for 37.5%)

The center has a group of well-known experts and professors, including Shi Bingyi, Cai Ming, Qian Yeyong, Zhuang Yuhui, Xiao Yinqi, and Liang Chunquan, as well as external part-time experts Chen Zhonghua, Chen Hu, Cao Luxian, etc. The center, in cooperation with Yale University Cancer Center, hired the director of the center Richard L. Edelson as guest professor[10].

According to another report on hospital website in 2013, the hospital performed liver, kidney, heart, lung, small intestine, pancreas, hematopoietic stem cells and multi-organ combined transplants, and set up the world's second largest kidney transplant database.

As of 2013, the hospital had grown from a small unit of a dozen people to a large transplant team of more than 300 people, with tens of thousands of organ transplants completed[11].

III. Shi Bingyi is the head of the Data Center of the Management Committee of the China Scientific Registry of Kidney Transplantation (CSRKT) [12]

The data center of the Scientific Registry for Kidney Transplantation (CSRKT, www.csrkt.org), launched by the Ministry of Health in August 2008, is hosted by the All-Army Transplant Center of the PLA 309 Hospital, headed by Shi Bingyi. This shows the dominant role of military hospitals in the field of organ transplantation in mainland China, as evidenced by the influence of the 309 Hospital and Shi Bingyi[13].

Figure 1 Web snapshot of Chinese Scientific Registry of Kidney Transplantation

Ⅳ. Kidney transplantation “ranked first by far in the country for the past three years", gross income increased nearly eight times in five years

On November 17, 2010, the hospital’s updated Organ Transplant Center Information web page stated that the hospital had “ranked first by far in the country for the past three years.[14]”

The gross revenue of the center’s medical account rose from $30 million in 2006 to $230 million in 2010, an increase of nearly eight times in five years[15].

Figure 2 Web Snapshot of 309 Hospital

In 2012, the transplant center expanded by nearly 400 beds, with an estimated annual liver and kidney transplant volume of over 4,000 cases

Xinhua News Network reported on February 28, 2012 that the 309 Hospital’s Organ Transplant Center had 393 beds.[16] This organ transplant center focused on kidney transplantation. Given that the transplant center "is a leader in the military in terms of annual capacity and bed turnaround times[17] , compared to the bed turnaround rate of Tianjin First Central Hospital in 2013, which exceeded 131.1[18] , assuming a 100% bed turnaround rate at 309 Hospital and an average length of stay of 30 days for both liver and kidney transplants, the liver and kidney transplant volume is at least 4781 (393×365×100%/30) cases/year.

In 2013, the transplant center grew to a transplant team of more than 300 people

The following is WOIPFG’s list of doctors suspected of living-donor organ harvesting. The table below lists the physicians on alleged live organ harvesting by WOIPFG. [19] The hospital has many interns, postgraduates, and trainees, and it helps guide many doctors from other hospitals. The hospital’s website stated in 2013, “We have admitted and jointly trained 60 graduate students in various categories, and currently (2013) we have 15 PhD and postdoctoral students and 10 master's students. In the past five years, we admitted 60 trainees for advanced study.” “ The institutions we partner with and provide assistance to include: Wangjiajun General Hospital of Cambodia, PLA 307 Hospital, PLA 22 Hospital, Beijing 254 Hospital of Beijing Military Region, 281 Hospital of Beijing Military Region, and the Medical Brigade of Troop 95944 of the Air-born Force, etc.”[20]

Table 1 Major Physicianson 309 Hospital Kidney Transplant Team

Teams	Doctors/Surgeons
Donor Extraction Group (12)	QianYeyong, Shi Bingyi, Cai Ming, Mo Chunbai, Wang Yawei, Li Zhouli, Chang Jingyuan, Bo Hongwei, Zhan Shengli, Du Guosheng, Song Jiyong, Jin Hailong
Director-level Physicians (4)	Shi Bingyi, Cai Ming, QianYeyong, Du Guosheng (onliver transplant team and good at extracting organs from donors)
Deputy director-level Physicians (12)	Jin Hailong, Bo Hongwei, Zhan Shengli, Li Zhouli, Yuan Ming, Li Xiang, Wang Qiang, Li Gang, Wang Zhen, Chang Jingyuan, Dai Xin ( on liver transplant team and good at extracting organs from donors), Song Jiyong (on liver transplant team and good at extracting organs from donors)
Attending Physicians (4)	Fan Yu, Mo Chunbai, Li Chao, Wei Xing
Attending Physicians and Resident Physicians (22)	Xie Junjie (resident doctor), Wang Ke, Wang Yawei, Li Pengcheng, Chen Liping, Ouyang Yun, Du Yuan, Wang Hongyang, Yuan Qing, Xu Liang, Cui Hanwen, Liu Dezhong, Liu Kuili, Zhou Wenqiang, Wu Ruojun, Liu Lupeng, Jia Jinfeng, Qi Baoyu, Zheng Huili, Han Mengxia, Li Kun, Zhang Chao

The hospital has at least 13 director-level physicians and deputy director-level physicians who can lead kidney transplant procedures.[21]

Ⅴ. Phone investigations show high transplant volume and short waiting time

Date of Investigation: December 2, 2015 (+86-13501215502)

Subject of Investigation: Song Jiyong, deputy director-level physician of Organ Transplant Institute, PLA 309 Hospital

Transcript:

Song Jiyong：You know, we have been doing a relatively large number of liver transplants, but this year is special …

Investigator：I know that you are doing a lot. [The] Armed Police [General Hospital] is also doing a lot. Someone I know waited for only 5 days before doing [the transplant].

Song Jiyong：We were about the same before . In the worst cases, it took two to three weeks [of waiting time] to do it. There are also cases where patients got the surgery on the day of their arrival.

(Recording 1 Download: MP3, Transcript Download: 6.1)
(Recording 2 Download: MP3, Transcript Download: 6.2)

Subject of Investigation: Jia Chiyu, doctor of general surgery, PLA 309 Hospital

Date of Investigation: June 8, 2016 (+86-13911238533)

Transcript:

Investigator: How is the hospital doing with organ transplants?

Jia Chiyu: It’s doing pretty good. We’re doing the most anywhere in the nation. That’s all I know.

(Recording 3 Download: MP3, Transcript Download: 6.3)

Subject of Investigation: Professor Pu Yongdong, Director of General Surgery Program, PLA 309 Hospital

Date of Investigation: August 10, 2015 (+86-13701234615)

Summary:

Pu Yongdong: Shi Bingyi is still doing liver transplant. Shi has done a lot and made a fortune. Shi is applying for the membership of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Others could it only twice, but he did it three times because he has connections. Shi Bingyi is pretty bad at it, so he hires people outside to perform the transplant. There’re many deaths from surgery. When there’s death, the hospital compensates it. But when surgery succeeds, he takes credit for it. Shi Bingyi has connections with people in courts, and has access to liver, kidney, heart and lung sources. He’s done less in past two years, he did a lot more a few years back.

Investigator: I searched 309 Hospital website, and it says he did over 1580 liver transplants himself.

Pu Yongdong: Right. Where do you think these donated livers come from? It’ll surely be exposed, and people involved will be thrown into jail. Huang Jiefu and Shi Bingyi schemed together and they are bound by personal gains. The organ transplant circle is all manipulated by these few guys who monopolize the techniques. Go after these guys, get to the bottom of their doings, expose Shi Bingyi, and uncover where these organs come from. Let the authorities investigate, and everything will be dug out. Expose it on the media, let people expose it, then he’s done.

(Recording 4 Download: MP3, Transcript Download: Appendix 6.4)

VI. Witness testimony: It’s easy to find a doctor who has done more than 2,000 such surgeries.

In November 2018, Falun Gong practitioner Yu Ming went to several organ transplant hospitals in Beijing to conduct secret investigation. About his investigation on PLA 309 Hospital, Yu testified, “the hospital itself claimed it’s easy to find a doctor who has done over 2,000 such surgeries. Several doctors have done over 2,000 such surgeries. We took pictures of doctors who have done hundreds of such surgeries at least.” (Videos are available that show doctors’ names, profiles and photos)[22]

VII. Evidence in the paper of organ harvesting from living donors and experiments on human bodies at 309 Hospital

1. Evidence of organ harvesting from living donors in Shi Bingyi’s paper

From Shi Binyi's paper, it can be seen that the organ extraction at 309 Hospital is a process to taking people’s lives. The paper titled “The Practice of Donor Liver and Kidney Extraction and Trimming” was published in “Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and Clinical Rehabilitation”, fifth issue, 2008[23].

Shi Bingyi said in his paper, “the organ transplant center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of PLA general hospital (also known as 309 Hospital) completed a total of 100 liver and kidney extractions from donors without heartbeat January 2000 through December 2006. The procedures were performed in compliance with medical ethics.” The following words in the paper cause suspicion of transplantation with organs from living donors: “The average thermal ischemia time for the whole group of donors was five minutes.” The truth is, a donor after cardiac death cannot have such a short period of thermal ischemia. Such descriptions, with up to 100 cases of alleged donors, provide evidence of organ harvesting from living donors at the hospital.

Figure 3 Website snapshot of Shi Bingyi’s paper on “Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research”.

2. Evidence of experiments on living human bodies in Shi Bingyi’s paper

The PLA 309 Hospital has done a large number of experiments with different organ excision methods by using living human bodies:

In "506 cases of combined thoracic and abdominal organ removal from volunteer cadavers" published by Shi Bingyi et al. in November 2003, it was mentioned that from December 1998 to April 2003, the hospital removed organs from 506 "volunteers" using multiple organ removal methods, among which, 10 cases of combined pancreatic and kidney removal, 9 cases were for technical training and 1 case was for clinical application; 10 cases of combined heart, liver and kidney removal, of which the liver and kidney removals were successfully used in clinical patients, and 7 cases of heart were for technical training.[24]

According to CCP official reports, the first living person to voluntarily donate organs if brain dead appeared in July 2006[25]. How is it possible that this hospital had over 500 "living persons to voluntarily donate organs if brain dead" before 2003?

These so called volunteers could not possibly be death-row-inmates either. In 2012, the hospital’s Organ Transplant Center had “393 beds. [26]”

Because the hospital's transplant center is "a leader in the military in terms of annual capacity and bed turnaround[27]", the annual transplant volume can reach thousands of cases, and the total number of death row inmates in the country is far less than the annual transplant volume of 309 Hospital, so it can not be explained by the organs of death row inmates.

Figure 4 Website snapshot of an essay titled “The 506 cases of combined extraction of large organs from volunteer corpse’ chest and abdomen” by Shi Bingyi et al.

VIII. List of Responsible People

JFJZ-DB001

Name: Shi Bingyi

Gender: male

Date of Birth: May 1951

Place of Birth: Jinzhou, Liaoning Province

Personal Profile: Shi Bingyi is director of the Organ Transplantation Center and director of Transplantation Surgery of 309 Hospital of the PLA[28]. He is also head of the Data Center of the Management Committee of the Chinese Scientific Registry of Kidney Transplantation (CSRKT) [29] established by the Ministry of Health of the Communist Party of China and member at deputy director level of the All-Army Professional Committee on Organ Transplantation[30].

The PLA 309 Hospital Organ Transplantation Center was established in April 2002, and the hospital had completed 2,130 kidney transplants and nearly 600 liver transplants by the time the center was established. The transplant center had completed 12 kidney transplants in one night.

In October 2005, 309 Hospital was named the All-Army Organ Transplantation Center by the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department, and in 2011 it was named the "All-Army Organ Transplantation Institute" by the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department. The data center of the "Kidney Transplant Scientific Registration Management System", which was launched by the Ministry of Health in August 2008, is also located in 309 Hospital, and headed by Shi Bingyi[31].

In recent years, the organ transplantation center, as the hospital's key revenue generator, saw an increase of its medical gross income from 0.3 billion yuan in 2006 to 230 million yuan in 2010, up nearly 8 times in 5 years. In 2010, the center officially reported that there were 316 beds, and that the center was also leading among military hospitals of the same category in terms of annual accommodation capacity and turnover rate of hospital beds[32]. In 2012, state-run media Xinhua News Net reported that the center had 393 beds[33].

According to the website of 309 Hospital Organ Transplantation Center in 2006, Shi Bingyi has performed more than 1,200 kidney transplants and 111 liver transplants; Cai Ming, deputy director, has participated in nearly 1,000 kidney transplants and nearly 100 liver transplants and donor organ removal surgeries.

The hospital’s official website claimed that in the past 18 years, Shi Bingyi had led the team to establish an organ transplantation advantageous discipline group consisting of “8 sections, 4 divisions and 9 nursing units”, a development from a small group of a dozen people in the past to a 300-strong transplantation technology team, having saved tens of thousands of patients[34].

JFJZ-DB002

Name: Cai Ming

Gender: Male

Date of Birth: June 1961

Place of Birth: Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province.

Personal Profile: Cai is Deputy Director of the All-Army Organ Transplantation Center of the 309 PLA Hospital, Director of the Department of Urology, M.D., Chief Physician, Doctoral Supervisor; recipient of the special government allowance of the State Council. He is also director level member of the All-Army Organ Transplantation Committee and deputy director level member of the Transplantation Immunology Branch of the Chinese Society of Immunology[35]

As of 2004, he had participated in nearly 1000 kidney transplants and nearly 100 liver transplants and donor organ excisions[36]. As of 2009, he had independently completed more than 1400 kidney transplants, more than 200 liver transplants, and more than 20 multi-organ transplants such as combined pancreas-kidney transplants and combined liver-kidney transplants, including the first use of hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor kidney excision in China.

In 2017 it was reported that Cai Ming had performed thousands of organ transplants. He once performed transplants on 14 patients in a row overnight, from the time the organs were taken to the completion of the surgery, without stopping for days and nights. A record was set for 24 hours of continuous work on the operating table[37].

(Note: Cai Ming’s wife has been living in the UK for many years.)

JFJZ-DB003 Qian Yeyong, male

Personal Profile: Qian is a chief physician, master of medicine, supervisor of master's degree in Military Medical College, and director of transplantation surgery in the All-Army Organ Transplantation Center of 309 Clinical Department of PLA General Hospital. He is a middle-aged and young member of the Organ Transplantation Committee of Chinese Medical Association and Beijing Medical Association. He is also member of National Kidney Transplant Follow-up Management Committee.

He’s developed several donor organ extraction techniques and technique of living donor kidney transplant by laparoscopy, done research of hematopoietic stem cells induced immune tolerance after living donor kidney transplant, and developed techniques for combined liver-kidney transplantation and combined kidney-pancreas transplantation[38].

JFJZ-DB04 Song Jiyong, male

Personal Profile: Song is Associate Chief Physician of Hepatological Surgery Program. His responsibilities include liver transplant and perioperative management, treatment of patients with severe liver disease , control of immunosuppressive agents after liver transplant, and treatment of general hepatobiliary diseases[39].

JFJZ-DB005 Jin Hailong, male

Personal Profile: Jin is Associate Chief Physician, deputy director level member of Youth Committee, Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation, and Youth Member of All Army Society of Organ Transplantation .

He graduated from the Fourth Military Medical University in 1995, and has engaged in clinical work of organ transplant and urological surgery for over 10 years[40].

JFJZ-DB006 Bo Hongwei, male

Personal Profile: Bo is Deputy Director and Deputy Chief Physician at Department of Urology II, All Army Transplantation Center.

He graduated from the Third Military Medical University in 1997, and got his master’s degree at the PLA General Hospital (Military Medical Training Institute) in 2000. He later graduated from Beijing University Medical School with a clinical doctorate in 2006.

He’s engaged in kidney transplantation and urological surgery for over 10 years, and is specialized in kidney transplantation and comorbidity management[41].

JFJZ-DB007 Du Guosheng, male, DOB: 1964

Personal Profile: Deputy Director of Administration of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Chief Physician of All Army Institute of Organ Transplantation, current member of the Liver Transplantation Group of the Chinese Medical Association's Organ Transplantation Branch; youth member of Beijing Organ Transplantation Branch of Chinese Medical Association; Member of the Colorectal Surgery Group of the General Surgery Committee of the Chinese People's Liberation Army; youth member of the Beijing Medical Association for General Surgery; member of the American Liver Transplant Association; member of the Medical Accident Technical Appraisal Expert Pool of the Beijing Medical Association; technical appraisal experts for medical accident in Haidian District, Beijing; managing editor of Chinese Tissue Engineering Research and Clinical Rehabilitation (English version); editorial board member of the Chinese Journal of Clinical Physicians; editor of the Electronic Journal of Practical Organ Transplantation; invited editor of Chinese Journal of General Surgery (electronic version); and Editor of the journal Organ Transplantation.

In 1989, Du graduated from the Second Military Medical University of the People's Liberation Army with a bachelor's degree in clinical medicine and entered the general surgery department of the 309 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army in the same year; in 1994, he enrolled in the Military Medical College of the People's Liberation Army and studied under Professor Huang Zhiqiang, a famous expert in hepatobiliary surgery in China; he received his master's degree in 1997, was promoted to chief physician in December 2007 and received his doctorate in 2009; from 2009 to 2012, he was the director of the Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery. He is currently the Deputy Director of Hepatobiliary Surgery at the All-Army Institute of Organ Transplantation of the 309 Hospital of the PLA.

Since 1992, he had been mainly engaged in hepatobiliary surgery. Since 1999, he has been devoted to clinical and basic research on key technologies of liver transplantation and combined liver and kidney transplantation. To date, he has led the department to complete nearly 600 liver transplants and 16 combined liver and kidney transplants[42].

JFJZ-DB008 Dai Xin, male

Personal Profile: Deputy Director level physician of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Transplantation Center

In 1987, he graduated from Liaoning Medical College and was assigned to work in the general surgery department of 205 Hospital of the PLA. In 1995, he went to the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army for advanced studies in hepatobiliary surgery. In 1998, he received a master's degree in surgery from the Fourth Military Medical University, and in 2000, he studied organ transplantation at the Tianjin Oriental Organ Transplant Center. In 2001, he became the academic leader at his work place in general surgery and a member of the regional expert committee. In 2003, he joined 309 Hospital Organ Transplantation Center. He has been working in hepatobiliary surgery for nearly 20 years and has accumulated rich clinical experience. In 2000, he studied under Prof. Shen Zhongyang and carried out clinical liver transplantation work earlier in China, and has a deeper study of liver transplantation work, especially good at organ extractions[43].

JFJZ-DB009 Zhu Zhidong, male

Personal Profile: Associate Professor, Deputy Chief Physician, All Army Transplant Center

He graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of the Third Military Medical University of the People's Liberation Army in 1990 and received his master's degree in 1996. After being promoted to associate chief physician in 2003, he specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced liver disease and is quite knowledgeable about advanced liver cancer and liver transplantation.

Participated in hundreds of liver transplant operations and postoperative management[44]。

JFJZ-DB0010 Yuan Ming, male

Personal Profile: Deputy Chief Physician, All Army Organ Transplant Center, MD, Posdoc

He graduated from Beijing Xiehe Hospital affiliated with China Xiehe University of Medical Science, with a PhD degree in 2007, and then entered the Postdoctoral Station of the All-Army Organ Transplantation Center of the PLA 309 Hospital, PLA Military Medical Training College, and then was recruited into the military. He is mainly engaged in urology and kidney transplantation[45].

JFJZ-DB011 Wang Qiang, male

Personal Profile: Wang, a graduate from the Academy for Advanced Military Medicine, is a deputy director level physician at the Organ Transplantation Center.

He has been engaged in kidney transplantation for many years and has rich clinical experience in medical and surgical procedures related to kidney transplantation, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of renal transplant refractory rejection and post-transplant infection[46].

JFJZ-DB012 Chang Jingyuan, male

Personal Profile: Deputy director level physician

A graduate from the Fourth Military Medical University, he’s been engaged in clinical work of urological surgery for 13 years. He has been engaged in kidney transplantation[47].

JFJZ-DB013 Li Gang, male

Personal Profile: Deputy director level physician at the All-Army Organ Transplantation Center

Li graduated from the seven-year program of theThird Military Medical University with a master’s degree in 2003, and from the PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital) with a medical doctorate in 2009. He worked in the Department of Urology at the PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital) as a physician and attending physician from 2003 to 2011. He worked in the Department of Urology II at the All-Army Organ Transplantation Center of the PLA General Staff Department General Hospital from 2011 to present[48].

JFJZ-DB014 Wang Zhen, male

Personal Profile: Deputy director level physician at the All-Army Organ Transplantation Institute

He has been engaged in kidney transplantation[49].

JFJZ-DB015 Li Weimin, male

Personal Profile: Chief Physician of Hepatological Surgery Program; Professor; Administrative Director of Hepatobiliary Program one.

He effectively treated a large number of patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension with good results, using liver transplantation technique[50].

JFJZ-DB016 Zheng Fang, male

Personal Profile: Deputy director level physician of Hepatological Surgery Program

He leads in the nation in the surgical treatment of liver transplantation, minimally invasive weight loss and minimally invasive diabetes[51].

JFJZ-DB017 Zhang Xianghua, male

Personal Profile: Director of Sino-German Heart Center, General Hospital of the General Staff Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA 309 Hospital), director level physician, member of the Professional Committee of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, member of the Professional Committee of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Chinese Medical Association Beijing Branch

Studied heart and lung transplantation at the Heart Center, Berlin, Germany, 2003

Completed the first allogeneic in situ heart transplant in a military hospital in Beijing on November 11, 1999, and the second allogeneic double lung transplant in a military hospital in Beijing on April 11, 2006. He completed the first combined heart and kidney transplant in Beijing on May 28, 2008[52].

JFJZ-DB018 Guan Juan, female

Personal Profile: Director level physician of Ophthalmology

Engaged in corneal transplant for 15 years[53].

JFJZ-DB019 Li Xiang, male

Personal Profile: Director level physician; Associate Professor

He graduated from Norman Bethune Medical University in 1989 and received his medical master's degree from Capital Medical University in Beijing and his medical doctorate degree from Lund University in Sweden. 1989 to present, he has been systematically engaged in urology clinical and technical work under the supervision of Wu Kerang, Gao Juzhong, Guan Delin and other famous specialists in China.

Doctor of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden. He has been engaged in kidney transplantation[54].

JFJZ-DB020 Fan Yu, male

Personal Profile: director level physician at the All Army Organ Transplantation Institute

He specializes in kidney transplant surgery[55].

JFJZ-DB021 Li Hucheng, male

Personal Profile: deputy director level physician at the All Army Organ Transplantation Institute; specialist and senior medical consultant for several hospitals and medical device companies; treated end-stage liver disease and liver tumors using liver transplantation techniques[56].

JFJZ-DB022 Li Chao, male

Personal Profile: Attending Physician of Urological Surgery Program, Organ Transplant Institute; Instructor
His specializations include kidney transplantation, perioperative management of kidney transplantation, post-transplantation review and medication adjustment, and diagnosis and treatment of various routine urological diseases[57].

JFJZ-DB023 Li Zhouli, male

Personal Profile: Deputy director level physician at Urological Surgery Program; medical doctorate
Good at combined extraction of large organs and perioperative treatment of kidney transplant; contributed to cellular molecular immunology for organ transplantation[58].

JFJZ-DB024 Li Yuanxin, male

Personal Profile: Director of Ward II at General Surgery; Deputy Director of General Surgery Program; Director-level Physician; Editor of Organ Transplantation and Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation.

He was a student of Academician Li Jieshou, a leading general surgeon in China. He has studied and worked in Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region under the leadership of Academician Li Jieshou for nearly 20 years, and has treated a large number of complex gastrointestinal surgery patients from all over China under the guidance of Academician Li.

He went to the Institute of Organ Transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh, USA, where he studied under Professor Abu-Elmagd, the world's most renowned expert in intestinal transplantation and abdominal multi-organ cluster transplantation and President of the International Society for Intestinal Transplantation, and after returning to China, he made significant improvements to the key techniques of intestinal transplantation, which led to a major breakthrough in intestinal transplantation in China.

During his long career as a surgeon, he chose the most difficult technique in abdominal surgery - intestinal transplantation and abdominal multi-organ cluster transplantation as his professional and technical research direction. He has authored a series of management and operation specifications, treatment guidelines, technical access and follow-up systems for intestinal transplantation in China. He is one of the few doctors in China who can perform small intestine transplantation independently, and is also the doctor who has performed the largest number of small intestine transplantation cases and the best quality of surgery in China[59].

Reference

[1]WOIPFG's Investigation Report on the State Crime of Mass Live Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party (Summary) : https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/124628

[2]Introduction of the Second Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital (formerly 309 Hospital) :

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A…

[3]Website of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China
List of Hospitals Approved to Conduct Human Organ Transplantation Programs, August 1, 2013

http://www.moh.gov.cn/zhuzhan/sjcx/201308/1ef2115e6ce84414b28bcc4b608d0910.shtml

[4] Introduction of the 309 Clinical Department. Good Doctors Online: China’s largest medical website. Retrieved from: http://309ent.haodf.com/zhuanjiaguandian/309ent_5317.htm

WOIPFG archive link: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/222.png

[5] 2004: Cai Ming was involved in nearly 1,000 kidney transplants and nearly 100 liver transplants.
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media_files/2020/09/0903.pdf

[6] China Organ Transplant Net, December 29, 2013, Cai Ming, PLA 309 Hospital:

http://www.transplantation.org.cn/ZJieFangJun309YiYuanZhuanJiaTuanDui/2…

[7] 2006: Shi Bingyi - 1200 Kidney Transplants and 111 Liver Transplants - China Organ Transplantation Net
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media_files/2020/09/0901.pdf

[8] Health Daily.com, March 2, 2006: "High threshold for organ transplants"

http://web.archive.org/web/20060827071841/http://www.transplantation.or…

[9]Science Time:

http://www.sciencenet.cn/html/showsbnews1.aspx?id=182075

[10] Brief Introduction of the Organ Transplantation Centre of the 309 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army 2010-11-17 http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323 http://web.archive.org/web/20140417235354/http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

[11] Sina Military: Three Choices Navigate Life of Love PLA Daily, October 08, 2013

http://archive.is/l2CHy

[12]Introduction to Data Center for the Chinese Scientific Registry of Kidney Transplantation (CSRKT)

http://www.csrkt.org/main/intro.do

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/510.png

[13]2009 National Army Organ Transplantation Conference held in Beijing. Century Library. Retrieved

from http://www.redlib.cn/html/1151/2009/62983078.htm

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/511.png

[14]Introduction to the Organ Transplantation Center of the 309th Hospital of the PLA Published: 2010-11-17

http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/35.png

[15] Introduction to the Organ Transplantation Center of the 309th Hospital of the PLA Published: 2010-11-17 http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/35.png

[16]Entering the Famous Specialty Center, PLA 309 Hospital. Xinhua Net.

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_05105.png

[17]Introduction to the Organ Transplantation Center of the 309th Hospital of the PLA Published: 2010-11

17 http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/35.png

[18]Tianjin North Network Tianjin First Central Hospital Published on: 2014-06-25 Editor: Qu Lulin

http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2014/06/25/011973313.shtml

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/497.png

[19] WOIPFG Releases the List of 2,098 Medical Personnel in 100 Chinese Military and Armed Police

Force Hospitals Suspected of Harvesting Organs from Living Falun Gong Practitioners. Retrieved from

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45100 (Chinese Version), http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/282

(English Version)

[20]Overview of Organ Transplant Center. (2010, Nov. 17). Chinese People Liberation Army 309 Hospital.

Retrieved from http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/35.png

[21]309 Clinical Department. Good Doctors Online: the largest medical website in China. Retrieved from

http://309ent.haodf.com/zhuanjiaguandian/309ent_5317.htm

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/222.png

[22] The BBC broadcasts a video of hidden interview：The CCP has never stopped harvesting organs from living donors!

https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/19/6/21/n11338943.htm?fbclid=IwAR1OnAnAtL…

Tissue Engineering Research and Clinical Rehabilitation in China Issue V, 2008: Liver and kidney organ transplantation donor excision and trimming practice

http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDKF200805024.htm

http://archive.is/prV2j

[24] PLA Medical Journal Issue XI Vol. 28, 2003 PP 1037-1039: 506 cases of combined thoracic and abdominal large organ harvesting from volunteer cadavers

Authors: Qian Yeyong, Shi Bingyi, Cai Ming, Mo Chunbai, Wang Yawei, Li Zhouli, Chang Jinyuan, Bo

Hongwei, Zhan Shengli, Du Guosheng, Song Jiyong, and Jin Hailong from PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing,

100091

Paper link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/164.pdf

[25]Yangcheng Evening News, July 25, 2006: First Successful Donor Lung Transplant for Brain Dead Patient

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/15.png

[26]Xinhua News Goes into the Famous Specialist Center of the Whole Army: The Organ Transplantation Center of the 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Published on February 28, 2012

http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2012-02/28/c_122763047.htm

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_05105…

[27]Introduction to the Organ Transplantation Center of PLA 309 Hospital Published: 2010-11-17

http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/35.png

[28]Introduction of experts in the All-Army Organ Transplantation Center of 309 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army

http://309yzzx.cnkme.com/doctors/show/6278

[29]Introduction to the Data Center of China Kidney Transplantation Scientific Registry

http://www.csrkt.org/main/intro.do

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/510.png

[30]Opening of Century Library's 2009 All-Army Organ Transplant Conference in Beijing

http://www.redlib.cn/html/1151/2009/62983078.htm

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/511.png

[31]Institute of Organ Transplantation, General Hospital of the PLA General Staff (PLA 309 Hospital)

http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/35.png

[32]Introduction to the Organ Transplantation Center of PLA 309 Hospital Published: 2010-11-17
http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

WOIPFG Archive Link:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/35.png

[33] Xinhua News Goes into the Famous Specialist Center of the Whole Army: The Organ Transplantation Center of PLA 309 Hospital Published on February 28, 2012

WOIPFG Archive Link:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_05105.png

[34]Sina Military: Three Choices Navigate Life of Love PLA Daily, October 08, 2013

http://archive.is/l2CHy

[35]Cai Ming: A "Craftsman" Pursuing Ultimate Craftsmanship by Zhang Zhaohui Source: Sciencenet: www.sciencenet.cn Published on November 11, 2017

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/10/162.pdf

[36] Profile of Cai Ming

WOIPFG Archive Link:

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/10/165-2019-10-6-caiming100li.p…

[37] Cai Ming: A "Craftsman" Pursuing Ultimate Craftsmanship by Zhang Zhaohui Source: Sciencenet: www.sciencenet.cn Published on November 11, 2017

WOIPFG Archive Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/10/162.pdf